Green and low-carbon scientific and technological innovation has become a key force to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutralization. The opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on completely, accurately and comprehensively implementing the new development concept and doing a good job in carbon peak and carbon neutralization (hereinafter referred to as the opinions) proposed to strengthen the research, promotion and application of major green and Low-carbon Science and technology, strengthen the layout of basic research and cutting-edge technologies, and accelerate the R & D and promotion of advanced applicable technologies. The action plan for reaching the carbon peak before 2030 (hereinafter referred to as the plan) issued by the State Council also puts forward that to carry out green and low-carbon scientific and technological innovation, it is necessary to improve the innovation system and mechanism, strengthen the innovation ability and talent training, strengthen the basic research of application, and accelerate the research, popularization and application of advanced and applicable technologies.

In the link of green and low-carbon scientific and technological innovation, the opinions has laid out the layout of basic research and applied research from the perspective of top-level design, and the scheme has made a detailed layout of institutional mechanisms, capacity-building and objectives and tasks in the near and medium term. The author believes that to innovate green and low-carbon technology, we should make a reasonable layout in the near, medium and long term, make joint efforts in key tasks, supporting mechanisms and capacity-building, and strengthen and supplement the chain from the dimension of technological innovation chain.

According to the China Green Patent Statistics Report (2014-2017) released by the State Intellectual Property Office, the cumulative number of green technology invention patent applications in China from 2014 to 2016 was 168000, accounting for only 6.0% of the cumulative number of invention patent applications in China in the same period. Moreover, in the promotion and application of low-carbon technology, there is also great potential to be tapped. For example, the data of China adiabatic energy saving materials Association show that the popularization and application of aerogel insulation materials can reduce more than 5% of the national energy consumption, but there are still some blocking points in the promotion and application of standards, policies and market supervision. Green and low-carbon technologies such as light storage, direct and flexible buildings, vehicle network interaction, combined water and heat supply, and new heat pumps still have broad development space to explore.

At present, it is necessary to clarify the background of China's existing green and low-carbon technologies, and strengthen the rapid transformation and large-scale utilization of green and low-carbon development technologies through the two-way efforts of the government and the market and the joint efforts of "industry, University, research and financial services". Specifically, the following work needs to be done:

Give full play to the supporting and leading role of scientific and technological innovation in the realization of carbon peak and carbon neutralization goals. We will continue to deepen basic research on applications, strengthen research on low-carbon cutting-edge technologies, establish a number of scientific and technological innovation platforms, and realize the independent control of key core technologies. At the same time, we should strengthen the research, demonstration and industrial application of low-carbon, zero carbon and negative carbon technologies, so as to reduce the application cost significantly.

Strengthen the dominant position of enterprises in green and low-carbon technology innovation and promote the in-depth integration of industry, University and research. Strengthen the overall planning of innovation resources and give full play to the main role of enterprises in green and low-carbon technology innovation decision-making, R & D investment, scientific research organization and achievement transformation and application. Improve the incentive policies for technological innovation, promote the agglomeration of various innovation elements to enterprises, and guide enterprises to carry out research and innovation oriented to technology application. Support enterprises to take the lead in establishing innovation consortia, promote the in-depth integration of industry, University and research, and form an integrated innovation of upstream and downstream linkage of scientific and technological innovation and a coordinated technological development model of the whole industrial chain. Guide the establishment of interest distribution mechanism and risk control mechanism for the in-depth integration of industry, University and research, fully consider the contributions of all parties to the innovation consortium, and effectively deal with the risk of achievement transformation and innovation failure.

Promote the construction of green technology trading center and accelerate the transformation of innovation achievements. Establish a comprehensive national green technology trading market, and encourage all regions and relevant units to rely on or integrate existing trading venues. Strengthen the capacity-building of green technology trading intermediaries, and cultivate a number of third-party testing, evaluation, certification and other intermediary service institutions for green technology innovation. Cultivate a number of compound technology transfer talents or green technology innovation brokers in Environmental Science, law and management, and attract more talents to enter the service field of green technology achievement transformation. Strengthen the follow-up guidance and dynamic management of the construction of the trading center, further optimize the work plan of the construction of the trading center, establish and improve the working mechanism, standardize the trading management measures, promote all work in accordance with the law and regulations, and create a healthy and active technology trading atmosphere.

Give full play to the role of market mechanism and guide the market demand for green and low-carbon technologies. Continue to track the development and application of low-carbon technologies, and continue to update and publish the catalogue of low-carbon technologies promoted by the state. Further expand the industry coverage of the national carbon market, follow the technical route of industrial low-carbon development, and formulate the benchmark line for quota allocation of industrial enterprises. Make comprehensive use of market mechanisms such as carbon emission right trading mechanism and energy use right market trading mechanism, provide economic incentives to enterprises engaged in low-carbon technology R & D and promotion, and guide enterprises to develop and apply low-carbon technologies.

We will improve various green and low-carbon standard systems. Research, formulate and revise relevant equipment, engineering, operation and other standards to realize green and low-carbon production and life, and form grading and quality standards, evaluation standards and supervision standards for green and low-carbon production and life. Study the statistical methods and systems, benefit evaluation methods and norms of green and low-carbon production and life, and form a scientific and unified statistical system. Through the preparation and revision of various standards, stimulate the needs of enterprises for green and low-carbon technology innovation, so that more existing and feasible technologies can be popularized and applied to a greater extent.

Author unit: Institute of science and technology strategy consulting, Chinese Academy of Sciences